Table 1 Kane’s validity framework applied to the video based peer assessment of small groups of students in a large scale interprofessional learning activity

• Scoring: Translating video observations into one or more scores

• Generalisation: Using the observed scores to generate an overall test score representing collaborative teamwork in the IPL setting

• Extrapolation: Drawing inferences about what the test score might imply for the collaborative teamwork abilities of students

• Implications: Assessing whether the scores are credible and reasonably free from error, thereby making them suitable for the assessment of collaborative teamwork. If the scores demonstrate credibility and reliability, they can be considered a valid basis for making decisions about the collaborative teamwork abilities of students, aligning with the overarching goals of IPL assessment