Simulated spinal durotomy repair for orthopaedic resident training: a perfusion-based porcine cadaveric specimen as an in vitro animal model

Table 1 Dural repair performances across 6 trials of participants and self-confidence of residents

Participant	Total Time (sec)						Leakage Pressure (mmHg)						Self-Confidence^a
Participant	Trial 1	Trial 2	Trial 3	Trial 4	Trial 5	Trial 6	Trial 1	Trial 2	Trial 3	Trial 4	Trial 5	Trial 6	Pre-training	Post-training
Resident 1	150	112	98	66	68	58	35	47	52	47	42	47	1	5
Resident 2	142	105	75	59	64	49	25	29	32	30	28	29	1	4
Resident 3	200	150	99	87	46	57	24	25	39	41	38	37	1	4
Resident 4	336	190	115	79	95	86	27	32	38	40	42	38	1	5
Resident 5	185	125	130	86	81	66	19	27	32	36	38	40	1	5
Resident 6	191	145	106	94	77	53	26	24	37	47	41	42	1	4
Resident 7	220	188	140	97	62	68	28	27	39	42	32	47	1	3
Resident 8	181	140	102	66	72	54	19	26	36	41	39	47	1	4
Resident 9	226	134	145	83	97	56	23	28	41	52	41	39	2	5
Average	203.4	143.2	112.2	79.7	73.6	60.8	25.1	29.4	38.4	41.8	37.9	40.7	1.1	4.3
Attending 1	101	88	76	55	67	56	38	40	42	39	42	40	n/a	n/a
Attending 2	121	79	85	67	74	56	34	43	38	44	42	50	n/a	n/a
Attending 3	99	76	65	55	49	52	41	45	38	42	40	39	n/a	n/a
Average	107	81	75.3	59	63.3	54.7	37.7	42.7	39.3	41.7	41.3	43	n/a	n/a

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