Fig. 1

MRT2. (a) Exterior of MRT2. (b) Axial slice of the model of the C7 vertebra, showing its two-layer structure representing the cortical and cancellous bone. A casting mold for both cancellous and cortical bone is created from a 3D printer master based on a patient’s CT scan DICOM data. The cortical bone portion is made from these casting molds for each vertebral body, and urethane for cancellous bone is filled inside. As a finishing touch, a zinc coating is applied to the surface of the vertebral body. The hardness of the urethane used for both cortical and cancellous bone was determined through repeated mechanical testing to identify the optimal grade. (c, d) X-ray images of MRT2. The radiopaque surface allows it to appear clearly on X-ray films and CT scan images. (e) The appearance of MRT2 on the CT Navigation monitor