Table 2 Impacts of IPE interventions

Positive impact

IPEC core competences

[12, 26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112]

Improvement in self-efficacy for working in interprofessional teams

[12, 51, 52, 83]

Improved quality of care for patients

[30, 45, 111]

Improved patient outcomes

[28, 31, 32, 46, 53, 79, 95, 96]

Improved profession-specific knowledge and skills

[12, 33, 39, 43, 49, 64, 88, 92, 94, 97, 99, 103,104,105]

Motivated future career intent to serve vulnerable and underserved patient groups

[50, 70, 74, 80]

Understanding the complexity of health systems

[37, 88]

Activating emotions towards learning and reflection

[59, 67, 103]

Understanding the unique healthcare needs of vulnerable populations

[37, 50, 64, 87]

Fulfilled sense of autonomy

[34, 107]

Negative impact

Leaving uniprofessional teams and foregoing patient care to participate in the IPE activity

[90]

Negative personal identity development

[45, 55]

Perceived limited benefit learning from staff from other professions

[110]

Negative emotions or feelings

[59, 63, 67, 103, 111]

Hierarchy (difference in power)

[88, 107]

Insensitivity to team members

[97, 111]