Table 3 Multivariate linear regression models for the readiness domains. Significant regression coefficients, 95% CI, and their p-values are boldfaced

Age

0.02 (-0.27, 0.31)

0.90

-0.01 (-0.15, 0.13)

0.88

0.04 (-0.26, 0.36)

0.77

0.04 (-0.10, 0.18)

0.57

Gender

-0.08 (-0.65, 0.48)

0.76

0.05 (-0.21, 0.32)

0.69

-0.03 (-0.63, 0.57)

0.91

-0.21 (-0.49, 0.05)

0.12

Degree

0.07 (-0.16, 0.31)

0.53

0.01 (-0.10, 0.12)

0.91

-0.09 (-0.34, 0.16)

0.48

-0.03 (-0.15, 0.08)

0.57

Program

0.60 (-0.15, 1.30)

0.11

0.59 (0.22, 0.96)

< 0.01

0.57 (-0.24, 1.39)

0.17

0.43 (0.43, 0.05)

0.02

Year level

0.30 (0.09, 0.51)

< 0.01

0.16 (0.06, 0.26)

< 0.01

0.38 (0.16, 0.60)

< 0.01

0.11 (0.01, 0.20)

0.04

AI required or optional

1.62 (0.86, 2.38)

< 0.01

0.46 (0.1, 0.82)

0.01

0.86 (0.05, 1.68)

0.03

0.50 (0.13, 0.87)

< 0.01

Have AI-related courses

0.62 (-0.13, 1.38)

0.10

0.01 (-0.36, 0.37)

0.97

0.55 (-0.25, 1.36)

0.18

0.26 (-0.10, 0.64)

0.15

AI applications adequate

0.79 (0.49, 1.08)

< 0.01

0.37 (0.23, 0.051)

< 0.01

1.05 (0.74, 1.37)

< 0.01

0.38 (0.23, 0.52)

< 0.01