Table 1 Linear mixed models of empathy trajectories including psychosocial and health-related covariates

(Intercept)

.17

87.11

 < .001

.06

50.16

 < .001

.02

23.61

 < .001

.03

18.73

 < .001

-.04

28.35

 < .001

Curriculum year

.21

4.72

 < .001

.05

0.95

 < .001

.06

0.64

.001

-.03

-0.09

.110

.20

0.51

 < .001

Curriculum year^2

-.16

-0.52

 < .001

-.04

-0.11

.002

-.03

-0.06

.019

Identifying as male

-.08

-1.50

.001

-.11

-1.55

 < .001

-.23

-2.77

 < .001

.06

0.68

.008

-.18

-1.61

 < .001

Parental Education

-.01

-0.10

.658

.01

0.11

.555

.02

0.14

.309

.03

0.15

.250

.07

0.38

.001

Having a partner

.04

0.77

.011

.01

0.09

.684

.02

0.18

.259

.05

0.49

.004

.03

0.23

.132

Social support

.08

0.38

 < .001

.04

0.15

.012

.06

0.18

 < .001

.02

0.05

.265

.08

0.17

 < .001

Psychotherapist consultation

.04

0.80

.024

.05

0.76

.002

.02

0.26

.170

.03

0.41

.042

-.01

-0.12

.501

Emotion-focused coping

.03

0.07

.148

-.02

-0.03

.434

.17

0.24

 < .001

.00

0.00

.990

.02

0.02

.351

Problem-focused coping

.05

0.27

.001

.13

0.49

 < .001

.02

0.07

.111

.07

0.21

 < .001

.01

0.03

.443

Help-seeking coping

.04

0.13

.027

.05

0.12

.005

.11

0.21

 < .001

-.01

-0.01

.763

-.04

-0.06

.050

Depressive symptoms

.03

0.02

.287

.06

0.03

.014

.08

0.04

 < .001

.00

0.00

.931

.00

0.00

.943

Anxiety symptoms

-.05

-0.04

.069

-.07

-0.04

.008

.11

0.05

 < .001

-.16

-0.07

 < .001

-.02

-0.01

.445

Burnout-Emotional exhaustion

.06

0.10

.009

.01

0.02

.516

.01

0.01

.482

.06

0.06

.012

-.02

-0.01

.449

Burnout-Cynicism

.00

0.01

.829

.00

-0.01

.817

-.03

-0.03

.156

.04

0.05

.037

.00

0.00

.924

Burnout-Academic efficacy

.08

0.16

 < .001

.09

0.13

 < .001

.02

0.03

.214

.15

0.16

 < .001

-.04

-0.03

.113

Physical activity

.01

0.04

.464

-.02

-0.05

.283

-.02

-0.03

.311

.06

0.12

 < .001

.00

0.00

.880

Satisfaction with health

.00

-0.04

.769

-.03

-0.19

.070

.04

0.25

.002

-.03

-0.15

.071

-.01

-0.05

.519

N_individuals

1658

1664

1664

1658

1662

N_observations

3205

3213

3213

3204

3207

σ²

33.28

14.87

8.56

10.79

8.05

τ_{00 individuals}

36.69

26.34

14.26

12.66

8.79

ICC

.52

.64

.62

.54

.52

Marginal R²

.12

.07

.23

.08

.09

Conditional R²

.58

.66

.71

.58

.56

AICc

22,066.31

20,015.28

18,203.28

18,422.02

17,664.37