Table 2 Descriptive statistics of students’ empathy per curriculum year and comparisons to previous years

JSPE-S

 Year 1

574

0.69

101.71

9.98

65

126

 Year 2

448

0.22

105.26

8.40

74

125

7.67

(0.43)

 < .001

 Year 3

579

0.69

107.76

8.28

79

127

5.85

(0.39)

 < .001

 Year 4

545

0.55

108.85

7.92

67

130

2.44

(0.37)

.044

 Year 5

602

0.17

108.48

7.92

77

126

-0.70

(0.36)

.499

 Year 6

458

1.08

108.55

8.58

76

127

-1.15

(0.39)

.499

QCAE-Cognitive

 Year 1

578

0.00

57.36

6.69

35

76

 Year 2

449

0.00

57.56

7.00

36

76

1.30

(0.30)

.585

 Year 3

583

0.00

58.79

6.57

34

76

3.14

(0.26)

.008

 Year 4

548

0.00

58.38

7.19

33

76

-0.79

(0.25)

.585

 Year 5

603

0.00

58.85

6.63

35

76

1.21

(0.24)

.585

 Year 6

463

0.00

58.74

6.52

36

76

-1.48

(0.26)

.553

QCAE-Affective

 Year 1

578

0.00

33.86

5.82

15

47

 Year 2

449

0.00

33.90

5.54

17

48

1.37

(0.23)

.679

 Year 3

583

0.00

34.58

5.57

16

48

2.66

(0.20)

.039

 Year 4

548

0.00

34.67

5.49

20

48

0.35

(0.19)

1.000

 Year 5

603

0.00

34.92

5.44

15

48

0.10

(0.19)

1.000

 Year 6

463

0.00

34.87

5.34

18

48

0.17

(0.20)

1.000

AMSP

 Year 1

574

0.69

23.51

5.27

10

35

 Year 2

448

0.22

22.80

5.29

5

35

-3.68

(0.24)

.001

 Year 3

579

0.69

23.03

5.06

5

35

0.90

(0.22)

.989

 Year 4

544

0.73

22.79

4.95

9

35

-0.98

(0.20)

.989

 Year 5

602

0.17

23.05

4.93

9

35

1.78

(0.20)

.303

 Year 6

458

1.08

23.25

4.89

0

35

-0.30

(0.22)

.989

GERT-S

 Year 1

575

0.52

29.14

4.18

18

38

 Year 2

446

0.67

29.49

4.20

17

38

1.44

(0.22)

.299

 Year 3

581

0.34

30.24

4.04

18

40

3.43

(0.20)

.002

 Year 4

545

0.55

30.81

4.29

17

40

2.89

(0.19)

.012

 Year 5

603

0.00

31.45

3.93

17

41

3.54

(0.18)

.002

 Year 6

460

0.65

31.34

4.37

17

42

1.05

(0.20)

.299