Cultivating compassion in care: evaluating a compassion-training intervention and exploring barriers to compassionate care in postgraduate medical education in Pakistan: a mixed-methods study

Table 5 Comparison of compassion competence before and after the session (n = 204)

Item	Pre-session score	Post-session score	Effect size*	p-value
Item	(mean ± SD)	(mean ± SD)	Effect size*	p-value
Overall mean score	4.03 ± 0.54	4.58 ± 0.47	1.09	< 0.001
Questionnaire items**
1. Making my patients feel cared for	4.05 ± 0.71	4.51 ± 0.61	0.69	< 0.001
2. Showing genuine concern for my patients	4.14 ± 0.72	4.61 ± 0.56	0.73	< 0.001
3. Communicating with my patients in a sensitive manner	4.10 ± 0.72	4.63 ± 0.57	0.82	< 0.001
4. Being attentive to my patients	4.08 ± 0.68	4.62 ± 0.58	0.85	< 0.001
5. Providing comfort to my patients	3.99 ± 0.71	4.55 ± 0.58	0.86	< 0.001
6. Being very supportive when talking to my patients	4.00 ± 0.75	4.58 ± 0.57	0.87	< 0.001
7. Providing care to my patients in a gentle manner	4.01 ± 0.72	4.58 ± 0.59	0.87	< 0.001
8. Speaking to my patients with kindness	4.22 ± 0.70	4.65 ± 0.56	0.68	< 0.001
9. Seeing my patients as a person and not just a case	3.92 ± 0.81	4.55 ± 0.61	0.88	< 0.001
10. Behaving in a caring way when interacting with patients	4.12 ± 0.67	4.60 ± 0.57	0.77	< 0.001
11. Really understanding my patients’ needs	3.88 ± 0.75	4.50 ± 0.68	0.87	< 0.001
12. Establishing a good relationship with my patients	3.95 ± 0.79	4.53 ± 0.62	0.82	< 0.001
13. Seeing things from my patients’ perspective	3.80 ± 0.82	4.49 ± 0.68	0.92	< 0.001
14. Conveying a warm presence to my patients	3.90 ± 0.77	4.57 ± 0.61	0.96	< 0.001
15. Being sincere with my patients	4.26 ± 0.62	4.69 ± 0.58	0.72	< 0.001

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