Table 2 Distribution and descriptive statistics of students’ demographic and pain characteristics (N = 245)
Mean ± SDa | |
|---|---|
Age | 20.6 ± 1.61 |
Pain intensity | 4.16 + 2.60 |
Gender | n (%) |
 Female | 161 (65.7) |
 Male | 84 (34.3) |
Current residency | |
 Family | 60 (24.4) |
 Dormitory | 144 (58.8) |
 Single | 41 (16.8) |
Having pain that persists at certain intervals | |
 Yes | 111 (45.3) |
 No | 134 (54.7) |
Duration of pain that persists at certain intervals | |
 3 months | 40 (36.1) |
 6 months | 71 (63.9) |
Body location where pain is experienced the most | |
 Upper body region and extremities (head, teeth, ears, neck, abdomen, shoulder, and arm) | 190 (77.6) |
 Lower body region and extremities (waist and leg) | 55 (22.4) |
The condition that causes pain | |
 Stress | 68 (27.8) |
 Insomnia/fatigue | 69 (28.2) |
 Chronic illness (sinusitis, migraine, and ulcer) | 54 (22.0) |
 Physical stress | 54 (22.0) |
Measuring pain intensity | |
 Yes | 97 (39.6) |
 No | 148 (60.4) |
Most painful time | |
 Morning | 75 (30.6) |
 Midday | 53 (21.6) |
 Evening | 117 (47.8) |
Undesirable activity during pain | |
 Daily activities (eating-drinking, bathing, and sleeping) | 98 (40.0) |
 Activities that require physical ability (heavy lifting, cycling, and walking) | 86 (35.1) |
 Activities that require cognitive ability (studying and reading books) | 61 (24.9) |
Pain coping methods | |
Pharmacological methods | |
 Going to the emergency room/hospital (n = 1) | 57 (23.3) |
 Take medicines (etc. Parol, Dolorex, Gaviscon, Migrex, Naprosyn, Brufen Retard) (n = 56) | |
Non-pharmacological methods | |
 Sleeping (n = 66) | 188 (76.7) |
 Drinking herbal tea or coffee (n = 10) | |
 Applying hot compress (n = 15) | |
 Interested in other things/thoughts (n = 15) | |
 Have a shower (n = 9) | |
 Giving or having a massage (n = 15) | |
 Walking (n = 19) | |
 Listening to music (n = 39) | |
Chronic illness in the family | |
 Yes (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer) | 85 (34.7) |
 No | 160 (65.3) |
Duration of chronic illness treatment in the family | |
 1–5 Years | 23 (27.0) |
 5–10 Years | 6 (7.0) |
  ≥ 10 Years | 56 (66.0) |
Family’s history of pain | |
 Yes (migraines, rheumatism, fibromyalgia, lactate dehydrogenase, and kidney stones) | 61 (24.9) |
 No | 184 (75.1) |
Treatment time of pain history in the family | |
 1–5 years | 28 (11.4) |
 5–10 years | 20 (8.2) |
  ≥ 10 years | 13 (5.3) |
No | 184 (75.1) |