The evaluation of depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate dental students in graduation year in Mainland China: a cross-sectional study

Table 4 Differences in participants’ characteristics regarding DASS-21 total score and subscale scores

Variables	DASS-21 Total				DASS-21 Depression			DASS-21 Anxiety			DASS-21 Stress
Variables	Mean ± SD	Test Statistic		p	Mean ± SD	Test Statistic	p	Mean ± SD	Test Statistic	p	Mean ± SD	Test Statistic	p
Gender
Male	9.67 ± 10.898	U = 25,935	< 0.01		2.87 ± 3.734	U = 26109.5	< 0.01	2.71 ± 3.498	U = 25639.5	< 0.01	4.09 ± 4.173	U = 27,335	< 0.05
Female	11.58 ± 10.731	U = 25,935	< 0.01		3.57 ± 3.838	U = 26109.5	< 0.01	3.36 ± 3.539	U = 25639.5	< 0.01	4.65 ± 4.003	U = 27,335	< 0.05
University Level
Double First-Class	14.67 ± 11.665	U = 16813.5	< 0.001		4.58 ± 4.268	U = 17,390	< 0.001	4.07 ± 3.912	U = 18,297	< 0.001	6.03 ± 4.243	U = 16,463	< 0.001
Non-Double First-Class	9.68 ± 10.270	U = 16813.5	< 0.001		2.91 ± 3.570	U = 17,390	< 0.001	2.82 ± 3.358	U = 18,297	< 0.001	3.94 ± 3.889	U = 16,463	< 0.001
Area
East	12.49 ± 11.216	H = 13.720	0.001		3.79 ± 4.102	H = 10.966	< 0.01	3.34 ± 3.640	H = 8.406	< 0.05	5.35 ± 4.236	H = 16.515	< 0.001
Central	9.32 ± 10.731				2.81 ± 3.697			2.75 ± 3.524			3.76 ± 3.971
West	11.29 ± 10.221				3.48 ± 3.596			3.33 ± 3.347			4.49 ± 3.886
Post hoc test
East-Central		57.029	0.001		-	48.090	< 0.01	-	40.704	< 0.05	-	64.742	< 0.001
East-West		18.065	0.862		-	9.753	1.000	-	5.067	1.000	-	29.991	0.228
Central-West		-38.964	< 0.05		-	-38.336	< 0.05	-	35.637	0.058	-	-34.750	0.071

ISSN: 1472-6920