Table 1 Case analysis section of the questionnaire
Case | Case information | Possible diagnosis | Further supporting examinations | Major differential diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Case 1 | A young woman with recurrent hyponatremia, epigastric pain, urination, and constipation whose abdominal CT scan showed no clear organic lesions, and the symptoms were related to the menstrual cycle. | Acute porphyria with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone | Uroporphyrinogen and uroporphyrin | Lead poisoning |
Case 2 | A middle-aged woman with hardening and darkening of the skin, limited mouth opening, malignant hypertension, and acute kidney injury. | Systemic sclerosis with renal crisis | SCL-70 | Vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus |
Case 3 | A woman after an abortion with abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, decreased platelet and haemoglobin levels, progressive elevation of blood creatine, and fragmented red blood cells on the peripheral blood smear. | Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome | ADAMTS13 activity and antibodies | Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura |
Case 4 | An elderly man with a history of sarcoma-like carcinoma who had sudden limb convulsions and loss of consciousness, with a head MRI showing multiple white matter hyperintensities in the bilateral basal ganglia and hemioval centre. The results of the lumbar puncture showed that the number of white blood cells and protein content of the cerebrospinal fluid were elevated. | Autoimmune encephalitis | Blood and cerebrospinal fluid anti-neuroantigen antibody testing | Paraneoplastic syndrome |