Knowledge acquisition and student perceptions of three teaching methods: a randomized trial of live, flipped, and interactive flipped classrooms

Table 2 Pre- and Post-Intervention scores across three teaching methods

Variable	Group	N	Mean ± S. D	Mean Difference	95% Confidence Interval of the Difference		t	df	Sig.
Variable	Group	N	Mean ± S. D	Mean Difference	Lower	Upper	t	df	Sig.
Flipped Classroom Group	Pre	52	52.11 ± 19.23	27.30	34.45	20.15	7.66	51	p < 0.001
Flipped Classroom Group	Post	52	79.42 ± 19.03	27.30	34.45	20.15	7.66	51	p < 0.001
Interactive Flipped Classroom	Pre	52	49.03 ± 17.74	27.11	34.45	19.77	7.41	51	p < 0.001
Interactive Flipped Classroom	Post	52	76.15 ± 19.81	27.11	34.45	19.77	7.41	51	p < 0.001
Live Lecture Group	Pre	52	53.65 ± 18.36	27.69	34.18	21.20	8.56	51	p < 0.001
Live Lecture Group	Post	52	81.34 ± 17.93	27.69	34.18	21.20	8.56	51	p < 0.001

Table 2: This table presents the mean pre- and post-intervention scores for the Live Lecture, Flipped Classroom, and Interactive Flipped Classroom groups. It also includes the mean difference between the pre- and post-scores, 95% confidence intervals (CI), and t-values, with significance levels (p < 0.001). SD = Standard deviation, t = t-value for t-test, df = degree of freedom, Sig. =level of Significance

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