The effectiveness of further education and training programs for plastic and aesthetic surgeons: an evaluation according to Kirkpatrick levels 1–3

Table 3 Average values for the level of knowledge before and after the wrinkle course, pooled standard deviation and Cohen´s d (own presentation)

Learning objective	Average value
	Before course start^a	After course end^b	Pooled Standard deviation	Cohen´s d
Facial anatomy	2.83	2.11	0.76	0.96
Aesthetics	2.67	2.05	0.88	0.70
Facial ageing	2.94	1.89	0.65	1.62
Legal aspects and hygiene	2.83	2.74	1.20	0.08
Patient information and documentation	2.50	1.32	0.73	1.62
Patient communication	2.17	2.32	0.78	0,48
Preparation treatment plan	3.72	1.74	0.91	2.17
Risks associated with wrinkle injections	3.06	1.68	0.70	1.96
Selection of suitable injection products (Botulinum toxin A or hyaluronic acid)	3.22	2.16	0.95	1.12
Indication and contraindication	3.33	2.00	0.86	1.55
Injection system and injection technique	4.11	2.11	0.89	2.26
Complication management	4.22	2.53	0.89	1.90
Pre- and aftercare	3.61	2.16	0.91	1.60
TOTAL average value	3.17	2.06	0.85	1.31

^an=18;^bn=19
^{a; b,}1.0 = very good; 2.0 = good; 3.0 = satisfactory; 4.0 = sufficient; 5.0 = poor; 6.0 = very poor

ISSN: 1472-6920