Table 3 Comparison of socio-demographic and economic factors by depression status
N | No Depressive Symptoms (PHQ−9 < 15) | Depressive Symptoms (PHQ−9 > = 15) | Test Statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 1360) | (N = 531) | |||
Age | 1891 | 21.0 23.0 24.0 | 21.0 22.0 24.0 | F1,1889=12.07, P < 0.011 |
Gender: Male | 1891 | 532 (39.12%) | 164 (30.89%) | Χ2 =11.13, P < 0.012 |
Region of Residence | 1891 | Χ2 =1.81, P = 0.772 | ||
Arabic Gulf (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Kuwait, etc.) | 271 (19.91%) | 102 (19.21%) | ||
Central Africa (Uganda, Tanzania, etc.) | 21 (1.54%) | 12 (2.26%) | ||
North Africa (Egypt, Libya, etc.) | 219 (16.13%) | 82 (15.44%) | ||
Sudan | 836 (61.53%) | 328 (61.76%) | ||
Other | 13 (0.96%) | 7 (1.32%) | ||
Year of Study | 1891 | Χ2 =10.03, P = 0.072 | ||
Fifth year | 341 (25.00%) | 121 (22.78%) | ||
First year | 124 (9.12%) | 52 (9.79%) | ||
Fourth year | 262 (19.26%) | 110 (20.71%) | ||
Second year | 208 (15.29%) | 100 (18.84%) | ||
Sixth year | 140 (10.29%) | 35 (6.59%) | ||
Third year | 285 (20.98%) | 113 (21.28%) | ||
Living Situation | 1891 | Χ2 =6.08, P = 0.112 | ||
Living alone | 86 (6.32%) | 20 (3.77%) | ||
Living with family | 1022 (75.00%) | 410 (77.23%) | ||
Living with relatives | 81 (5.94%) | 39 (7.34%) | ||
Living with roommates | 171 (12.57%) | 62 (11.67%) | ||
Employment Status | 1891 | Χ2 =9.08, P = 0.012 | ||
Employed | 168 (12.35%) | 49 (9.22%) | ||
Freelancer | 128 (9.41%) | 34 (6.40%) | ||
Unemployed | 1064 (78.24%) | 448 (84.36%) | ||
Economic Status | 1891 | Χ2 =21.11, P < 0.012 | ||
High | 35 (2.57%) | 7 (1.32%) | ||
Low | 81 (5.94%) | 44 (8.28%) | ||
Lower-middle | 177 (13.03%) | 105 (19.75%) | ||
Middle | 882 (64.91%) | 316 (59.47%) | ||
Upper-middle | 185 (13.61%) | 59 (11.11%) |