Table 1 Patterns and trends in themes related to teamwork and collaboration in PBL sessions
Pattern across themes | ||
|---|---|---|
Communication issues | Recurrent mention | “overall experience,” “collaboration and teamwork,” “communication and information sharing,” and “handling conflicts and disagreements”. |
Impact | “affect teamwork”, “information sharing”, and “conflict resolution”. | |
Unequal participation | Common barrier | “collaboration and teamwork,” “team dynamics and contribution,” and “examples of struggles in collaboration” |
Root cause | “lack of preparation“, “absenteeism“, and “individual disengagement“. | |
Effective strategies | Successful practice | “examples of successful collaboration” and “suggestions for improvement” pointed out effective strategies like clear role distribution, mutual respect, and external motivators (e.g., deadlines, tutor presence). |
Pattern within themes | ||
Collaboration and teamwork | Positive dynamics | Those groups that experienced mutual respect and genuine feedback performed better. |
Negative dynamics | Lack of responsibility and conflicting ideas hindered teamwork. | |
Communication and information sharing | Preferred methods | Digital communication- social media and phone calls |
Barriers | Language issues and internet availability | |